June 30, 2020: ST. PAUL, APOSTLE (Part III)

June 30, 2020: COMMEMORATION OF ST. PAUL, APOSTLE

Rank: Greater Double.

[Part III - Beheading of St. Paul]

“I have fought a good fight, I have finished my course, I have kept the faith. For the rest, there is laid up for me a crown of justice, which the Lord, the just judge, will bestow on me at that day.”
(II Tim, iv. 7-8)

Prayer (Collect).

O God, who by the preaching of blessed Paul the Apostle, didst instruct the multitude of the Gentiles; grant, we beseech thee, that while we celebrate his festival, we may find the effect of his prayers.

(Commemoration of St. Peter) O God, who by delivering to thy blessed Apostle Peter the keys of the kingdom of heaven, didst give him the power of binding and loosing; grant, that by his intercession, we may be freed from the bonds of our sins. Who livest and reignest with the Father, in the unity of the Holy Ghost, God, world without end. Amen.

“Thrice I was beaten with rods, once I was stoned; I thrice suffered shipwreck for the name of Christ.”
(II Cor, xi.)

HYMN.
Illustrious Doctor, guide our ways,
Our hearts with thee to heaven raise,
‘Till faith obscure her moonlight gains,
To God th’ all-ruling one and three
Be never ceasing jubilee,
Eternal glory, endless praise
For an eternity of days. Amen.

V. Thou art a vessel of election, O holy Paul, the Apostle.
R. The preacher of truth throughout the whole world.

PART III – Beheading of St. Paul

Whereas the Greeks on this day are uniting in one Solemnity, the Memory, as they express it, of the illustrious Saints, the Twelve Apostles, worthy of all praise,—let us follow in spirit, the Roman populace, who are gathered around the Successor of Peter, and are making the splendid Basilica on the Ostian Way re-echo with songs of victory, whilst he is offering to the Doctor of the Gentiles, the grateful homage of the City and of the world.

On the Twenty fifth of January, we beheld Stephen leading to Christ's mystic crib, the once ravenous wolf of Benjamin, (Gen, xlix. 27) tamed at last, but who in the morning of his impetuous youth, had filled the Church of God with tears and bloodshed. His evening did indeed come, when as Jacob had foreseen, Saul, the persecutor, would outstrip all his predecessors among Christ's disciples, in giving increase to the Fold, and in feeding the Flock, with the choicest food of his heavenly doctrine.

By an unexampled privilege, Our Lord though already seated at the Right Hand of His Father, vouchsafed not only to call, but personally to instruct this new disciple, so that he might one day be numbered amongst His Apostles. The ways of God can never be contradictory one to another; hence, this creation of a new Apostle may not be accomplished in a manner derogatory to the divine constitution already delivered to the Christian Church by the Son of God. Therefore, as soon as the illustrious Convert emerges from those sublime contemplations, during which the Christian dogma has been poured into his soul,—he must needs go to Jerusalem to see Peter, as he himself relates to his disciples in Galatia. “It behoved him (says Bossuet) to collate his own Gospel with that of the Prince of the Apostles.” From that moment, aggregated as a cooperator in the preaching of the Gospel, we see him at Antioch (in the “Acts of the Apostles,”) accompanied by Barnabas, presenting himself to the work of opening the Church unto the Gentiles,—the conversion of Cornelius having been already effected, be it remembered, by Peter himself. He passes a whole year in this city, reaping an abundant harvest. After Peter's imprisonment in Jerusalem, at his subsequent departure for Rome, a warning from on high makes known to those who preside over the Church at Antioch, that the moment is come for them to impose hands on the two missionaries, and confer on them the sacred character of Ordination.

From that hour, Paul attains the full stature of an Apostle, and it is clear that the mission unto which he had been preparing, is now opened. At the same time, in St. Luke's narrative, Barnabas almost disappears, retaining but a very secondary position. The new Apostle has his own disciples, and he henceforth takes the lead in a long series of peregrinations marked by as many conquests. His first is to Cyprus, where he seals an alliance with ancient Rome, analogous to that which Peter contracted at Cesarea.

In the year 43, when Paul landed in Cyprus, its pro-consul was Sergius Paulus, illustrious for his ancestry, but still more so for the wisdom of his government. He wished to hear Paul and Barnabas: a miracle worked by Paul, under his very eyes, convinced him of the truth of his teaching: and the Christian Church counted, that day, among her sons one who was heir to the proudest name among the noble families of Rome. Touching was the mutual exchange that took place, on this occasion. The Roman Patrician had just been freed by the Jew, from the yoke of the Gentiles; in return, the Jew hitherto called Saul, received and thenceforth adopted, the name of Paul, as a trophy worthy of the Apostle of the Gentiles.

From Cyprus, Paul travelled successively to Cilicia, Pamphylia, Pisidia, and Lycaonia, everywhere preaching the Gospel and founding Churches. He then returned to Antioch, in the year 47, and found the Church there, in a state of violent agitation. A party of Jews, who had come over to Christianity from the ranks of the Pharisees,—whilst consenting indeed to the admission of Gentiles into the Church, were maintaining that this could only be on condition of their being likewise subjected to Mosaic practices, such as, circumcision, distinction of meats, &c. The Christians who had been received from among the Gentiles, were disgusted at this servitude to which Peter had not subjected them; and thus the controversy became so hot, that Paul deemed it necessary to undertake a journey to Jerusalem where Peter had lately arrived, a fugitive from Rome, and where the Apostolic College was at that moment furthermore represented by John, as well as by James the bishop of the city. These being assembled to deliberate on the question, it was decreed, in the name and under the influence of the Holy Ghost, that the exacting of anything relative to Jewish rites, should be utterly forbidden, in the case of Gentile converts. It was on this occasion too, that Paul received from these Pillars, as he styles them, the confirmation of this his Apostolate superadded to that of the Twelve, and to be specially exercised in favour of the Gentiles. By this extraordinary ministry deputed unto the nations, the Christian Church definitively asserted her independence of Judaism; and the Gentiles could now freely come flocking into her bosom.

Paul then resumed his course of apostolic journeys over all the Provinces he had already evangelised, in order to confirm the Churches. Thence, passing through Phrygia, he came to Macedonia, stayed a while at Athens, and then on to Corinth, where he remained a year and a half. At his departure, he left in this city, a flourishing Church, whereby he excited against him the fury of the Jews. From Corinth, Paul went to Ephesus, where he stayed two years. So great was his success with the Gentiles there, that the worship of Diana was materially weakened; whereupon a tumult ensuing, Paul thought the moment come for his departure from Ephesus. During his abode there he made known to his disciples, a thought that had long haunted him: I must needs see Rome: the Capital of the Gentile world was indeed calling the Apostle of the Gentiles.

The rapid growth of Christianity in the Capital of the Empire, had brought face to face and in a manner more striking than elsewhere, the two heterogeneous elements which formed the Church of that day: the unity of Faith held together in one fold, those that had formerly been Jews, and those that had been pagans. Now it so happened, that some of both of these classes, too easily forgetting the gratuity of their common vocation to the Faith, began to go so far as to despise their brethren of the opposite class, deeming them less worthy than themselves of that Baptism, which had made them all equal in Christ. On the one side, certain Jews disdained the Gentiles, remembering the polytheism which had sullied their past life with all those vices which come in its train. On the other side, certain Gentiles contemned the Jews, as coming from an ungrateful and blinded people, who had so abused the favours lavished upon them by God, as to crucify the Messias.

In the year 53, Paul already aware of these debates, profited of a second journey to Corinth, to write to the Faithful of the Church in Rome that famous Epistle, in which he emphatically sets forth how gratuitous is the gift of Faith; and maintains how Jew and Gentile alike being quite unworthy of the divine adoption, have been called solely by an act of pure Mercy. He likewise shows how Jew and Gentile, forgetting the past, have but to embrace one another in the fraternity of one same Faith, thus testifying their gratitude to God through whom both of them have been alike prevented by Grace. His Apostolic dignity so fully recognised, authorized Paul to interfere in this matter, though touching a Christian centre not founded by him.

Whilst awaiting the day when he could behold with his own eyes the Queen of all Churches, lately fixed by Peter on the Seven Hills,—the Apostle was anxious once again to make a pilgrimage to the City of David. Jewish rage was just at that moment rampant in Jerusalem against him; national pride being more specially piqued, in that he the former disciple of Gamaliel, the accomplice of Stephen's murder, should now invite the Gentiles to be coupled with the sons of Abraham, under the one same Law of Jesus of Nazareth. The Tribune Lysias was scarce able to snatch him from the hands of these bloodthirsty men, ready to tear him to pieces. The following night, Christ appeared to Paul saying unto him: Be constant, for as thou hast testified of Me in Jerusalem, so must thou bear witness also at Rome.

It was not however till after two years of captivity, that Paul, having appealed to Caesar, landed in Italy, at the beginning of the year 56. Then at last, the Apostle of the Gentiles made his entry into Rome the trappings of a victor surrounded him not; he was but a humble Jewish prisoner led to the place where all appellants to Caesar were mustered; yet was he that Jew whom Christ Himself had conquered, on the way to Damascus. No longer Saul, the Benjamite, he now presented himself under the Roman name of Paul; nor was this a robbery on his part, for after Peter, he was to be the second glory of Rome, the second pledge of her immortality. He brought not the primacy with him indeed, as Peter had done,—for that had been committed by Christ to one alone; but he came to assert in the very centre of the Gentile world, the divine delegation, which he had received in favour of the nations,—just as an affluent flows into the main stream, which mingling its waters with its own, at last empties them unitedly into the ocean. Paul was to have no successor in his extraordinary mission; but the element which he had deposited in the Mistress, the Mother Church, was of such value, that in course of ages the Roman Pontiffs, heirs to Peter's monarchical power have ever appealed to Paul's memory as well; pronouncing their mandates in the united names of the “Blessed Apostles Peter and Paul.”

Instead of having to await in prison, the day whereon his cause was to be heard, Paul was at liberty to choose a lodging place in the City. He was obliged however to be accompanied day and night, by a soldier to whom, according to the usual custom, he was chained, but only in such a way as to prevent his escape: all his movements being otherwise left perfectly free, he could easily continue to preach the Word of God. Towards the close of the year 57, in virtue of his appeal to Cæsar, the Apostle was at last summoned before the pretorium; and the successful pleading of his cause, resulted in his acquittal.

Being now free, Paul revisited the East, confirming on his Evangelical course, the Churches he had previously founded. Thus Ephesus and Crete once more enjoyed his presence; in the one he left his disciple Timothy as bishop, and in the other Titus. But Paul had not quitted Rome for ever: marvelously illumined as she had been, by his preaching, the Roman Church was yet to be gilded by his parting rays and empurpled by his blood. A heavenly warning, as in Peter's case, bade him also return to Rome where martyrdom was awaiting him. This fact is attested by St. Athanasius: we learn the same also from St. Asterius of Ameseus, who hereupon remarks, that the Apostle entered Rome once more, “in order to teach the very masters of the world, to turn them into his disciples, and by their means to wrestle with the whole human race. There, Paul finds Peter engaged in the same work; he at once yokes himself to the same divine chariot with him, and sets about instructing the children of the Law, within the Synagogues, and the Gentiles outside.”

At length Rome possesses her two Princes conjointly: the one seated on the eternal chair, holding in his hands the keys of the kingdom of heaven; the other surrounded by the sheaves he has garnered from the fields of the Gentile world. They shall now part no more; even in death, as the Church sings, they shall not be separated. The period of their being together was necessarily short, for they must needs render to their Master the testimony of blood, before the Roman world should be freed from the odious tyranny under which it was groaning. Their death was to be Nero's last crime; after that, he was to fade from sight, leaving the world horrorstricken at his end, as shameful as it was tragic.

It was in the year 65, that Paul returned to Rome; once more signalising his presence there, by the manifold works of his Apostolate. From the time of his first labours there, he had made converts even in the very palace of the Cæsars: being now returned to this former theatre of his zeal, he again finds entrance into the imperial abode. A woman who was living in criminal intercourse with Nero, as likewise a cupbearer of his, were both caught in the Apostolic net, for it were hard indeed to resist the power of that mighty word. Nero, enraged at “this foreigner's” influence in his very household, was bent on Paul's destruction. Being first of all cast into prison, his zeal cooled not, but he persisted the more in preaching Jesus Christ. The two converts of the imperial palace having abjured, together with paganism, the manner of life they had been leading, this twofold conversion of theirs did but hasten Paul's martyrdom. He was well aware that it would be so, as can be seen in these lines addressed to Timothy: “I labour even unto bands, as an evil doer; but the word of God is not bound. Therefore, I endure all things for the sake of the elect. For I am even now ready to be sacrificed, like a victim already sprinkled with the lustral water, and the time of my dissolution is at hand. I have fought the good fight, I have finished my course, I have kept the faith. As to the rest, there is laid up for me a crown of justice which the Lord, the just Judge, will render to me in that day.” (II Tim)

On the Twenty-ninth of June, in the year 67, whilst Peter having crossed the Tiber, by the Triumphal bridge, was drawing nigh to the cross prepared for him on the Vatican plain, another martyrdom was being consummated on the left bank of the same River. Paul, as he was led along the Ostian Way, was also followed by a group of the Faithful who mingled with the escort of the condemned. His sentence was that he should be beheaded at the Salvian Waters. A two miles' march brought the soldiers to a path leading Eastwards, by which they led their prisoner to the place fixed upon for the martyrdom of this, the Doctor of the Gentiles. Paul fell on his knees, addressing his last prayer to God; then having bandaged his eyes, he awaited the death-stroke. A soldier brandished his sword, and the Apostle's head, as it was severed from the trunk, made three bounds along the ground; three fountains immediately sprang up on these several spots. Such is the local tradition; and to this day, three fountains are to be seen on the site of his martyrdom, over each of which an altar is raised.

Responsory.

Let us unite our voice of homage to that of preceding ages, in honour of this Vessel of Election, whence salvation flows so abundantly over our earth. Let us borrow the following Responsories from the Roman Office, the formulæ of which for to-day's Feast present such a fair collection of graceful beauty.

℟. Thou art a Vessel of Election, holy Apostle, Paul, thou Preacher of Truth unto the whole world: *By whom all nations have known the grace of God.

℣. Intercede for us unto God who elected thee. *By whom all nations have known the grace of God.

℟. By the grace of God, I am what I am: *And his grace in me hath not been void, but ever abideth in me.

℣. He who wrought in Peter among the Apostles, hath wrought in me also among the Gentiles. *And his grace in me hath not been void, but ever abideth in me.

Taken from: The Liturgical Year – Time After Pentecost, Vol. III, Dublin, Edition 1890;
The Lives of the Fathers, Martyrs, and Other Principal Saints, Vol. VI, 1866; and
The Divine Office for the use of the Laity, Volume II, 1806.

1. June 29, 2020: Part I - Significance of this Festival.
2. June 29, 2020: Part II - Crucifixion of St. Peter.

O holy Paul the Apostle, the preacher of the truth, and Doctor of the Gentiles, make intercession for us to God, who chose thee.